Nitrogen References: Scope 3: Commuting

Please note that these references are outdated and apply to the 2017 and 2018 version of emission factors only. See the Carbon References Page and Nitrogen References Page for current emission factor information.

Commuting

Faculty, staff, and student commuting

Faculty, staff, and student commuting
TypeUnitSourceURLCalculationsNotes
Automobilekg NOx / Mile[1] Gasoline fleet emissions factor (see above) and [2] U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, National Transportation Statistics July 2013 (fuel efficiencies).rita.dot.gov link(kg NOx/gal) / (miles/gal)Gasoline fleet NOx emissions factor (kg NOx / gal) divided by an average annual fuel economy. Average fuel efficiency is from Table 4-11 and includes passenger cars, light trucks and motorcycles.
Carpoolkg NOx / MileAutomobile commuting emissions factor (see above)n/a(Automobile kg NOx/mi) / (2 people per car)Assumed 2 people per car. Calculated as gasoline automobile emissions factor divided by 2.
Buskg NOx / Mile[1] Diesel fleet emissions factor (see above) and [2] U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, National Transportation Statistics July 2013 (fuel efficiencies).rita.dot.gov link(kg NOx/gal) / (miles/gal)Diesel fleet NOx emissions factor (kg NOx / gal) divided by an average annual fuel economy. Average fuel efficiency is from Table 4-11 for buses.
Light Railkg NOx / Mile[1] US EPA. Emissions & Generation Resource Integrated Database (eGRID) 2014. and [2] U.S. Department of Energy Trasportation Energy Data Book, Edition 32 (July 31, 2013), Chapter 9 Tables 9.10-9.12 and Appendix A Tables A.14-A.16.

epa.gov/energy link , 

https://cta.ornl.gov/data/index.shtml

(kg NOx/kWh) / (passenger-mile/kWh)eGrid US average NOx emissions factors per kWh used for light rail electricity. Divided by average fuel efficiency (passenger-mi per kWh). Electricity use for electricity use by commuter from Appendix A tables.  Passenger miles traveled from Chapter 9 tables.  
Commuter Railkg NOx / Mile[1] Diesel fleet emissions factor (see above), [2] US EPA. Emissions & Generation Resource Integrated Database (eGRID) 2014. and [3] U.S. Department of Energy Trasportation Energy Data Book, Edition 32 (July 31, 2013), Chapter 9 Tables 9.10-9.12 and Appendix A Tables A.14-A.16.

epa.gov/energy link, 

https://cta.ornl.gov/data/index.shtml

[ (electric kg NOx/kWh) / (passenger-mile/kWh) ] + [ (diesel kg NOx/gal) / (passenger-mile/gal) ]Sum of electricity use and diesel for commuter rail. Diesel emission factor from fleet vehicle calculation above. eGrid US average NOx emissions factors per kWh used for commuter rail electricity. Divided by average fuel efficiency (passenger-mi per kWh). Electricity use for electricity use by commuter from Appendix A tables.  Passenger miles traveled from Chapter 9 tables.  

Directly financed outsourced travel

Air travel

Air travel
TypeUnitSourceURLCalculationsNotes
Faculty / Staffkg NOx / Mile[1] US EPA. 2014 National Emissions Inventory (NEI) Data (US total mobile aircraft NOx emissions). [2] US Bureau of Transportation Statistics. Table I-40: US Passenger-Miles (aircraft passenger-miles).epa.gov link, rita.dot.gov link[(ton NOx)*(2000 lb/ton)*(0.453592 kg/lb)] / (passenger-miles)Calculated NOx emissions factor for years with US total NOx aircraft emissions factors available from NEI (2008, 2011, 2014) and took an average. NOx emissions including landing and take-off. Passenger miles include all air carrier, certified, domestic, and all services. Used average emission factor across all years.
Studentskg NOx / MileAir travel emissions factor (see above)n/an/aAssumed to be equal to air travel emissions factor

Other

Other
TypeUnitSourceURLCalculationsNotes
Trainkg NOx / Mile[1] Diesel fleet emissions factor (see above), [2] Distillate oil heating value (see CCC), [3] Train fuel efficiency (see CCC)n/a(kg NOx/gal) / (MMBtu/gal) * (MMBtu/mi)Diesel fleet emissions factor (kg NOx/gal) was converted to kg NOx/mi using distillate oil heating value from CCC (MMBtu/gal from EF_Heating values tab) and fuel efficiency for trains from CCC (MMBtu/mi from EF_Transportation tab).
Taxi / Ferry / Rental Carkg NOx / MileAutomobile commuting emissions factor (see above)n/a(Automobile kg NOx/mi)Assumed to be equal to automobile commuting emissions factor
Public Buskg NOx / MileDiesel bus commuting emissions factor (see above)n/a(Bus kg NOx/mi)Assumed to be equal to diesel bus commuting emissions factor
Charter bus - Dieselkg NOx / MileComing soon   
Charter bus - CNGkg NOx / MileComing soon   
Charter bus - Otherkg NOx / Milen/an/an/aCustomized by users. No data entry here.
Alternative Fuel Buskg NOx / Milen/an/an/aAssumed to be 0.
Personal Mileage Reimbursementkg NOx / MileAutomobile commuting emissions factor (see above)n/a(Automobile kg NOx/mi)Assumed to be equal to automobile commuting emissions factor

Air Travel

Air Travel
TypeUnitSourceURLCalculationsNotes
Air Travelkg NOx / MileAir travel emissions factor (see above)n/an/aAssumed to be equal to air travel emissions factor